Throughput in simulation refers to which of the following?

Throughput in simulation is defined as the total amount produced or processed in a given period. This means it quantifies how many units of work or outputs are completed within a specific timeframe. Throughput is a critical performance metric in various simulation models, as it directly reflects the system's capacity and effectiveness in handling tasks.

In a simulation context, accurately measuring throughput helps in assessing whether the system is meeting its goals and allows for comparisons between different configurations or designs. The emphasis on "total amount produced" highlights the cumulative output over time, making it essential for analyzing processes in manufacturing, service delivery, and other operational environments.

The other options pertain to different concepts in simulation. The time taken to complete a single cycle or process describes cycle time, while the efficiency of resource usage relates to how effectively resources are utilized. The average waiting time for entities focuses on the delays experienced by entities in the system. All these concepts are important, but they are distinctly different from the measure of throughput.